Healthy weight gain during pregnancy varies depending on a woman’s pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). For women with a normal BMI, the recommended total weight gain is approximately 25–30 pounds (11.6–13.5 kg). Typically, about 3.5–5 pounds (1.6–2.3 kg) are gained during the first trimester, followed by a steady gain of about 1–2 pounds (0.5–1.0 kg) per week during the second and third trimesters. By 20 weeks of gestation, a woman should ideally have gained around 10–13 pounds (4.5–6.0 kg).
During the second trimester, much of the weight gain reflects physiological changes rather than fat accumulation. These include increased blood volume, enlargement of the breasts and uterus, and additional body fluids. Inadequate weight gain during this period has been linked to low birth weight and a higher risk of infant illness and mortality, highlighting the importance of adequate nutrition.
Carbohydrates play a central role in meeting the increased energy needs of pregnancy. Current dietary guidelines recommend a minimum carbohydrate intake of about 175 grams per day for pregnant women. Carbohydrates are the body’s primary energy source and are essential for fueling the growing fetus, particularly the developing brain. They also provide dietary fiber, which helps prevent constipation—a common pregnancy concern.
When total calorie and carbohydrate intake is insufficient, the body may begin breaking down protein for energy. This can lead to ketosis, a condition in which ketone bodies accumulate in the blood. Ketosis is of particular concern for women with diabetes, as it may be associated with glycosuria, altered acid–base balance, and abnormal lipid levels.
To support a healthy pregnancy, women are encouraged to consume a balanced diet rich in carbohydrate-containing foods such as dairy products, fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain cereals and breads. These foods provide not only energy, but also essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber needed for both maternal well-being and optimal fetal development.
Carbohydrates and Healthy Weight Gain During Pregnancy
