Daily requirement for vitamin A

The requirement for vitamin A can be considered as those amounts which allow certain defend states of nutriture to exist.

Because the absorption efficiency of preformed vitamin in foods is equal to a greater than 90 percent, the dietary requirement is 10 percent higher than the requirement for absorbed vitamin A.

The US recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of vitamin A for adults is 5000 IU (1000 retinol equivalents).

Main dietary sources of vitamin A are the carotenoids from fruits and vegetables. Rich dietary sources of retinol (preformed vitamin A) include dairy products, eggs and organ meats.

About 100 g of carrots or any of a large variety of green leafy vegetables can meet the daily requirement of vitamin A.

Some carotenoids (found in deep-yellow and dark green vegetables) can be converted to vitamin A during digestion. In the US diet, approximately half of the vitamin A activity is derived from B-carotene and other carotenoids. It is not essential to meet the daily basis requirement on a daily basis because the liver can store about 50 day’s supply of vitamin A.

Excess of vitamin A can cause defects in the fetal bones and central nervous system. Rarely should adult doses exceeding 25,000 IU daily be taken unless a deficiency is especially severe.
Daily requirement for vitamin A

How much sodium our body need?

Sodium is the major cation of extracellular fluid, comprising over 90 per cent of the cations on the blood. 

Sodium is consumed in a variety of forms such as sodium chloride (salt), sodium bicarbonate and common food additive such as monosodium glutamate, sodium phosphate, sodium carbonate and sodium benzoate. 

Tissue formation, as in growth, requires about 1.1 -1.2 mg/kg of tissue gained; the requirement for maintenance should be considerably less.

The RNI for sodium is 1.6 g/day for adults, with an LRNI of 575 mg/day. The majority of people in the UK consume levels in excess of the RNI. Average intake range in Australia and New Zealand has been set up at 460 – 920 mg/day for adults.

Chloride occurs generally in association with sodium as the major anion in extracellular fluid, but it is not found in bone.

The human body contains sodium about 1.8 gm Na/kg at free bodyweight, most of which is present in extracellular fluids.  The content of serum normally is about 140 mEg/liter .

Because obligatory losses of sodium are so low, dietary sodium depletion is hard to induce and sodium deficiency usually results from losses caused by renal, adrenal, or enteric disease; renal disease may cause either retention or loss of sodium.

Note:
*RNI – Reference Nutrient Intake
*LRNI – Lower Reference Nutrient Intake
How much sodium our body need?